Análisis gerencial de un programa preventivo basado en un

estudio retrospectivo en el personal de la salud

Lenin Stalin Muñoz Villacrés

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legal precedents in Ecuador for some years, this issue has

gained strength nowadays due to the actions of the last

governments. This is due to the fact that, when

developing a job without the appropriate safety measures,

it causes a great number of accidents. Therefore, the

objective of the study is to elaborate a preventive

program to reduce the damages determined to the health

personnel in the Technical Office 10 of District 09D08 by

means of a survey analysis of risk elements to improve

the operative place of the professionals. The

occupational elements such as physical, biological and

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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1070-4656

Guayaquil, glenda.figueroav@ug.edu.ec, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2598-

1426

operaciones de las empresas. A pesar de que existan múltiples antecedentes legales en

el Ecuador desde hace algunos años, este tema ha tomado fuerza en la actualidad por

acciones de los últimos gobiernos. Esto teniendo presente que, al desarrollar un trabajo

sin las medidas de seguridad apropiadas ocasiona un sin número de accidentes. Por ello

objetivo del estudio es elaborar un programa preventivo que permita disminuir los daños

determinados al personal de salud en la Oficina Técnica 10 del Distrito 09D08 mediante

un análisis de encuesta de elementos de riesgo para mejorar el lugar operativo de los

profesionales. La metodología utilizada tiene un estudio retrospectivo, descriptivo y

correlacional. La población de estudio corresponde al personal de la salud de la Oficina

Técnica 10 del Distrito 09d08. La encuesta fue el método extracción de datos y se utilizó

According to studies by Eduardo Bouza (2020), work is considered a human right and

one of the fundamental parts of life, in addition to being the basis for the economic

development of the individual, as well as of a country. However, it is highlighted that,

despite the importance of work nowadays, there are numerous risks within the work

environment that can be associated with damages at a healthy level in both mental or

bodily factors, putting at risk the level of health, safety and even their lives. (Bouza, 2020).

On the other hand, José Torres (2018) indicates that workers who are involved in

various areas of health such as emergency are in different activities and environments,

which creates negative factors on health, as it implies a significant negative effect at the

professional level or even accidents within the work environment (Torres, 2018).

ergonomic, so the ones statistically more prevalent are the biological ones.

triggered by the conditions that exist in their jobs (Alarcón & Maguiña, 2018)..

In addition, one of the basic principles of occupational hygiene is to protect health at

work through the supervision and consequent adaptation of the working conditions that

must be found so that the worker can perform optimally and in accordance with their

psychological and physiological aptitudes.

Health operational employees who provide services in the Technical Office 10 of District

09d08 of the competent body in Ecuador are exposed to a series of risks, which are

significantly associated with the working conditions or environment, as well as the nature

of the work they perform, both in the provision of care in the office, as well as home

care and patient follow-up work in the territory.

Among the most frequent risks are occupational accidents, occupational diseases due to

Therefore, the following research question has been elaborated as a research question:

What measures can be adopted to reduce the risks and dangers determined in the health

personnel of the Technical Office 10 of District 09D08 Health?

The general objective is to elaborate a preventive program to reduce the damages

determined to the health personnel in the Technical Office 10 of District 09D08 by

means of a survey analysis of risk elements to improve the operative place of the

professionals.

Also, the specific objectives are as follows:

reviewing previous studies in research related to occupational hazards.

in the data collection tools.

On the other hand, this research project acquires its relevance due to the lack of

attention, in terms of occupational hygiene, under which health personnel in Ecuador

have been found for many years, which leads to an increase in risks, hazards and unsafe

the personnel, whether in the form of accidents, incidents or occupational diseases, in

order to promote a preventive culture within the work environment and the

development of activities in a safe manner.

According to the International Labor Organization points out that the concept of a

healthy level, as far as the labor sector is concerned, does not simply encompass the

lack of pathologies or affections in the person, but also focuses on the adequate

maintenance of the different elements that make up an integral health, such as physical

and mental elements (Solís, 2017).

In case of an inadequate or non-existent implementation of measures for the prevention

of occupational diseases, it can have a significant impact on the worker and his family

environment, in addition to the damage it represents at the level of the organization and

in terms of time and origin, even being able to associate numerous factors that develop

in parallel. Thus, risk is the result between the possibility of an occurrence and the effects

that are generated within the circumstances or situations. (Caycho, 2019).

On the other hand, Ana Molineri (2017) defines occupational injury as the probability

that an employee suffers specific damages due to his or her activities. This occupational

harm will be qualified as serious or imminent when there is a very high probability that

this risk will materialize and an occupational accident will occur, in addition to having a

significant association with severe consequences or high negative impact on the worker's

health (Molineri, 2017).

These consequences can be of a physical, social or psychological nature for the workers.

Frequently, health personnel who maintain continuous direct contact with patients,

regardless of the type of care and the environment, are exposed to the same group of

specific risks, among which the harm caused by contagion of patients who come for

consultation stands out, in addition to the risk of injuries or musculoskeletal disorders

(Rubio, 2017).

Likewise, studies of the Pan American Health Organization, adds some extensive

definitions, which covers any pathological process of an infectious nature that develops

in the body, which can be caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi or even parasites. (Solís R. ,

2017).

Another important risk factor to highlight in healthcare personnel are psychosocial risks,

which are defined as all those characteristics of labor indicators that generate a negative

impact on workers through various mechanisms, both physiological and psychological,

whose main mediator or agent is stress. (Valdés, 2017).

These conditions can be highly unfavorable in the performance of operations within the

labor and health field, safety and even within the holistic social field of the individual,

MATERIALS AND METHODS

A retrospective study was conducted, with a descriptive and correlational analysis of the

data obtained. The workstations were analyzed, where all the risks and hazards

associated with the personnel were evaluated, in addition to a compilation of events

such as accidents or illnesses reported within this study group,

The study is non-experimental in that it does not test the variables and has a quantitative

approach.

In order to carry out an elementary analysis of the risks that influence the development

of accidents, the population to be evaluated was the health care workers in the first level

health care clinics of the Technical Office 10 of District 09d08 within the Ministry of

Health Zone 8, whose inclusion criteria are the following:

guidelines and needs of the department.

Therefore, the study population was 95 health professionals.

Of which, using the formula of the sample equations for population proportions, we

have the following:

Ergonomic risk: From the following list, which do you consider to be the predominant risk factor

physical structure is considered as a main physical risk factor; 57% of the respondents

consider that the main psychosocial risk present is work overload.

Taking into consideration the results obtained, a risk matrix is made, according to the

William Fine method, where the degree of consequence, exposure and probability are

analyzed, the risk matrix according to the William Fine method can be evidenced,

indicating the components of the evaluation by consequences. Depending on the results,

the risk rating given by Fine's matrix should be taken into consideration. Table 9 shows

the references and actions at each level. Therefore, following the William Fine Risk

Matrix, we have the following:

medical and administrative, who are part of this sector, there is a high level of deficiencies

as viruses, bacteria, parasites and fungi can cause long-term health problems, with 79%

of the respondents stating that this is the case. Contamination with blood samples from

patients with HIV or a sputum sample from patients with tuberculosis is very harmful to

the health personnel working there.

On the other hand, 80% of the health personnel working in type A health centers

indicated that the poor lighting due to deficient structures, lack of basic services and

maintenance, increase the physical risk factor, as there is a possibility of occupational

accidents due to the problem, as shown in the results presented in Table 4.

In turn, the results shown in Table 3 show that 53% of the respondents consider the

chemical factor to be important, since one of the components, glutaraldehyde, which is

used in the disinfection of medical equipment, is highly corrosive.

According to specific objective one, to determine the risks associated with the place

where they carry out their operational activities through the review of previous studies

in research related to occupational risks, it is concluded that, according to the literature

analyzed, the risk indicators that influence the health profession are physical, chemical-

biological and psychosocial risks, as evidenced in the analysis of authors' theories carried

out.

On the other hand, taking into consideration the specific objective two, to characterize

epidemiologically the personnel who are part of the study, it is concluded that the

personnel under study are located within very high risk zones within the biological,

physical and psychosocial risk factors, being contamination by infectious agents and poor

lighting the most worrisome, according to data presented in the survey.

On the other hand, specific objective four, to develop a preventive program to reduce

the risk and development of health conditions in health personnel, concluded that it is

important to have a prevention plan to mitigate the risks detected, which is why some

Alarcón, S., & Maguiña, K. (2018). "Implementation of an occupational health and safety

management system to decrease occupational hazards at Centro Medico Villa."

Universidad César Vallejo.

https://repositorio.ucv.edu.pe/handle/20.500.12692/26121

Lazzaro, M. (2017). Psychosocial risks and professional integration of foreign physicians: A

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