Visión de la economía circular para el desarrollo local enfocado en residuos derivados de dos cultivos agrícolas en Ecuador
Contenido principal del artículo
Resumen
La economía circular es un eje fundamental para alcanzar el desarrollo sostenible, aplicar estos principios al sector agropecuario resulta fundamental, sobre todo en países productores de materias primas como el caso de Ecuador, siendo el objetivo de la presente investigación establecer el aprovechamiento de los residuos derivados de dos cultivos agrícolas en Ecuador, bajo una visión de la economía circular para el desarrollo local. Se aplicó el método inductivo y deductivo, las variables consideradas son la producción de caña de azúcar y arroz, en función a ello se empleó el método analítico donde se interpretó la información obtenida mediante encuestas, entrevista, revisión bibliográfica y datos recopilados. Los resultados encontrados demuestran que el cultivo de caña de azúcar (Saccharum officinarum ), en Ecuador representa el 9% del PIB agrícola nacional, y en la última década se cultivó una media de 81,5 ton año*ha-1, con una cantidad de residuos anuales de 793283,38 ton*año-1 que representan un potencial energético 15746,26 TJ*año-1, Por otro lado, el cultivo de arroz (Oryza sativa) se cultivó con una media de 25.33 ton*año-1 a nivel nacional, generando 2106695,86 ton*año-1 de residuos anuales de paja y cascarilla de arroz, su potencial energético de 28356,98 TJ*año-1. Es un verdadero reto en el país optar por herramientas de aprovechamiento para los residuos del arroz, ya que, si bien es cierto, hay empresas agroindustriales que cuentan con aquello, pero no se ha llevado una organización óptima en cuanto la generación de residuos con los pequeños productores que se dedican a esta actividad. no obstante, a pesar de que los residuos derivados de estos dos suman un gran potencial energético a nivel nacional continúa siendo un reto actualmente para Ecuador.
Descargas
Detalles del artículo
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0.
Licensing Agreement
This journal provides free access to its content through its website following the principle that making research available free of charge to the public supports a larger exchange of global knowledge.
Web content of the journal is distributed under a Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International.
Citas
Aldana, M., Bizzo, W. A., & Viera, M. V. A. (2016). Evaluation of the energy potential of sugarcane residues in Peru. XXIII Peruvian Symposium on Solar Energy and Environment, 1-13.
Altamirano, A., Corcuera, G., Kiwaki, G., & Paz, J. (2015). Strategic plan for the agricultural sector with circular economy. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Perú.
Altieri, M. A., & Nicholls, C. (2001). Agroecology: principles and strategies for sustainable agriculture in 21st century Latin America. Available at Www. Agroeco. Org.
Anderson, M. D. las mercedes, & Alvarez, A. (2021). Circular economy and pricing strategies. Universidad de Lima.
Arévalo, J., Quispe, G., & Raymundo, C. (2017). Sustainable Energy Model for the production of biomass briquettes based on rice husk in low-income agricultural areas in Peru. Energy Procedia, 141, 138-145. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2017.11.026. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2017.11.026
Balboa, C. H., & Somonte, M. D. (2014). Circular economy as a framework for ecodesign: the ECO-3 model. Technical Informer, 78(1), 82-90.
Biswas, B., Pandey, N., Bisht, Y., Singh, R., Kumar, J., & Bhaskar, T. (2017). Pyrolysis of agricultural biomass residues: Comparative study of corn cob, wheat straw, rice straw and rice husk. Bioresource Technology, 237, 57-63. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2017.02.046.
Burgo Bencomo, O. B., Gaitán Suazo, V., Yanez Sarmiento, J., Zambrano Morales, Á. A., Castellanos Pallerols, G., & Estrada Hernández, J. A. (2019). Circular Economy a sustainable alternative for the development of agriculture. Revista Espacios, 40(13), 1-5.
Cajamarca, D., Avalos, P. A., Melendrez, T., López, F., & Paredes, M. (2018). Water pollution in Ecuador as a result of the sugarcane agroindustrial process. Caribbean Journal of Social Sciences, 36.
Calderón Loor, M., Andrade, F., Lizarzaburu, L., & Masache, M. (2017). Economic valuation of the co-benefits of the energetic use of agricultural residues in Ecuador. Copyright © United Nations.
Casas-Jiménez, P. M., Escudero-González, C. A., Martínez-Guerrero, T. Z., del Carmen Mendoza-Díaz, M., Gutiérrez-Ortega, N. L., & Ramos-Ramírez, E. (2021). Sustainable processes for biofuel production: a review. YOUNG PEOPLE IN SCIENCE, 10.
CONELEC (2013). Electrification Master Plan for Ecuador 2013 - 2022 (p. 380). National Electricity Council.
FAO. (2011). The state of the world's land and water resources for food and agriculture. Managing systems at risk. In Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (Mundi-Pren).
FAO. (2013). Bioenergy in Latin America and the Caribbean. In Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
FAO. (2014). Family farming in Latin America and the Caribbean. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
Ferrer, J., Marcheno, J., Blacio, S., & Vera, T. (2020). Location and potential production of a pyrolysis plant for the valorization of agricultural waste. Revista Científico - Profesional, 5(12), 265-278. https://doi.org/10.23857/pc.v5i12.2046
Fleck Gallas, J. C. (2009). Economic feasibility study of the use of sugarcane bagasse to obtain printing and writing paper in Paraguay. National University of Misiones. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas y ....
Gao, Y., Guo, X., Liu, Y., Fang, Z., Zhang, M., Zhang, R., You, L., Li, T., & Liu, R. H. (2018). A full utilization of rice husk to evaluate phytochemical bioactivities and prepare cellulose nanocrystals. Scientific Reports, 8(1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-27635-3.
Gómez, A., & Zapata, G. (2020). Feasibility study of the circular economy model as a tool for the local development of Caluma canton. University of Guayaquil.
Goodman, B. A. (2020). Utilization of waste straw and husks from rice production: A review. Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts, 5(3), 143-162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobab.2020.07.001
Huang, Y. F., & Lo, S. L. (2018). Utilization of rice hull and straw. Rice: Chemistry and Technology, 627-661. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-811508-4.00019-8.
INP, MEER, & MCPEC. (2014). Atlas Bioenergético de La República del Ecuador (p. 156). National Preinvestment Institute.
Koch, J. (2015). Organic farming in Germany. Rosa Luxemburg Foundation. Retrieved On, 23.
Lim, J. S., Abdul Manan, Z., Wan Alwi, S. R., & Hashim, H. (2012). A review on utilisation of biomass from rice industry as a source of renewable energy. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 16(5), 3084-3094. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2012.02.051.
LLanos, O., Ríos, A., Jaramillo, C., & Rodríguez, L. (2016). Rice husk as an alternative in decontamination processes. Producción + Limpia, 11. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.22507/pml.v11n2a12
López, J., Cazorla, X., Zambrano, G., & Chancusig, W. (2021). The circular economy of waste generated by rice grass versus environmental impact. Polo Del Conocimiento, 6(3), 874-900. https://doi.org/10.23857/pc.v6i3.2411. https://doi.org/10.23857/pc.v6i3.2411.
MAGAP. (2020). Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries of Ecuador.
Moreno, J., Pozo, C., & Nájera, F. (2012). Use of Sugarcane Bagasse in the Manufacture of Ecological Blocks for Lightweight Masonry. Escuela Superior Politénica de Chimborazo, 16-20.
Mulder, N., & Albaladejo, M. (2020). International Trade and the Circular Economy in Latin America and the Caribbean. ECLAC, 1-76.
Orejuela-Escobar, L. M., Landázuri, A. C., & Goodell, B. (2021). Second generation biorefining in Ecuador: Circular bioeconomy, zero waste technology, environment and sustainable development: The nexus. Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts, 6(2), 83-107. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobab.2021.01.004. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobab.2021.01.004
Ortiz Tinoco, Y. M., Espinoza Castillo, J. A., González Illescas, M. L., & Carmenate Fuentes, L. P. (2021). The shift to sustainable packaging as a competitive strategy for exporting companies. A Circular Economy approach. INNOVA Research Journal, 6(3), 246-269. https://doi.org/10.33890/innova.v6.n3.2021.1849.
Riera, M. A., Maldonado, S., & Palma, R. R. (2018). Agroindustrial wastes generated in ecuador for the production of bioplastics. Revista Ingeniería Industrial, 17(3), 227-247. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.22320/S07179103/2018.13
Roca-Pérez, L., Tapia, D. L., Cadena, J. V. A., & Hernández, R. B. (2017). Utilization of organic residues in different crops in Ecuador. Revista Científica Axioma, 16, 84-95.
Salazar, D. (2014). Analysis of biofuel production originating from sugarcane versus Ecuadorian food sovereignty approaches. Catholic University of Santiago de Guayaquil.
Sandoval, V. P., Jaca, C., & Ormazabal, M. (2017). Circular economy. Memoria Investigaciones En Ingeniería, 15, 85-95.
Toop, T. A., Ward, S., Oldfield, T., Hull, M., Kirby, M. E., & Theodorou, M. K. (2017). AgroCycle - developing a circular economy in agriculture. Energy Procedia, 123, 76-80. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2017.07.269.
Torres, E., Sánchez, A., Díaz, R., Solórzano, M., Barrera, A., & Jácome, G. (2015). Nutritive valuation of Zea mays and Oryza sativa stubble for sheep feeding in the Ecuadorian tropics. 235-249.
Torres Navarrete, E., Sánchez Laíño, A., Díaz Ocampo, R., Solórzano Robinson, M., Barrera Álvarez, A. E., & Jácome López, G. (2017). Chemical composition of agricultural products and by-products used in animal feed by small producers in the area of Quevedo, Ecuador. Revista Amazónica Ciencia y Tecnología, 6(3), 217-229.
Vargas-García, Y., Pazmiño-Sánchez, J., & Dávila-Rincón, J. (2021). Biomass Potential in South America for the Production of Bioplastics. A Review. Revista Politécnica, 48(2), 7-20. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.33333/rp.vol48n2.01. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.33333/rp.vol48n2.01
Velasco-Muñoz, J. F., Mendoza, J. M. F., Aznar-Sánchez, J. A., & Gallego-Schmid, A. (2021). Circular economy implementation in the agricultural sector: Definition, strategies and indicators. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 170, 105618. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2021.105618. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2021.105618.
Verdezoto, L., Parco, F., Jácome, C., Katan, W., & Mora, A. (2021). Renewable energy from sugarcane biomass. Talent Research Journal, 8(1), 9-26. https://doi.org/10.33789/talentos.8.1.140. https://doi.org/10.33789/talentos.8.1.140
Wisuthiphaet, N., & Napathorn, S. C. (2016). Optimisation of the use of products from the cane sugar industry for poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) production by Azohydromonas lata DSM 1123 in fed-batch cultivation. Process Biochemistry, 51(3), 352-361. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procbio.2015.12.009.
Zambrano, G., García, V., Cedeño, C., & Alcívar, U. (2021). Utilization of rice husk (Oryza sativa) to obtain cellulose fibers. Polo Del Conocimiento, 6(4), 415-437. https://doi.org/10.23857/pc.v6i4.2572. https://doi.org/10.23857/pc.v6i4.2572.
Zúñiga Cerón, V., & Gandini Ayerbe, M. A. (2013). Environmental characterization of sugarcane residue stillage resulting from ethanol production. Dyna, 80(177), 124-131.